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The Bell Family |
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Life and Tradition in the Lake District by William Rollinson Published 1974 |
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Plates Betveen pages 48 and 49 1 Glencoyne Farm, Ulls-water 2 The old farmhouse at High Yew- dale, near Coniston 3 Lo-w House, Troutbeck 4 Stickle Bam near Broughton Mills 5 Barn at Field Head Farm, Hawks- head 6 Barn atWall End,Great Langdale 7 A bank barn at Holme Ground, near Tilberthwaite 8 A 'spinning gallery' at Thorn House, Low Hartsop 9 Yew Tree Farm, near Coniston 10 Inscribed date stone, 1581, at Hewthwaite Hall, near Cocker- mouth 11 Date stone, 1685, at Askham 12 A dated lintel stone, 1592, Mill- beck, near Keswick 13 Dated wooden lintel in the barn at Townend, Troutbeck 14 A curious date stone at Hutton Moor End, near Threlkeld 15 Blacksmith's sign built into a wall at Oxen Park, High Fumess 16 Lintel stone at Randle How, Eskdale Green 17 Date stone, 1738, on a barn in Far Easedale 18 The fireplace at Glencoyne Fann about1903 19 An Eskdale interior, Brotheril- keld Farm, c. 1890 20 An unusual view of the fíreplace hood at High Birk House, Little Langdale 21 An eighteenth-century spice cup- board at Rydal Mount 22 A Longsleddale spice cupboard, 1662, now in the church vestry 23 The interior of a Tilberthwaite farmhouse, 1972 24 Carving on a bread cupboard, 1646, now at Hare Hall, near Broughton-in-Fumess 25 A carved oak bread cupboard typical of Cumbrian farmhouses, in the Museum of Lakeland Life and Industry, Kendal 26 An outstanding example of a carved oak bread cupboard, dated 1660, at Lanehead, Patter- dale 27 An eighteenth-century cast-iron range, Tovnend, Troutbeck 28 A seventeenth-century char dish 29 An iron frying-pan with bow handle, and a circular girdle 30 A bakstone formerly at Spring Gardens, Spark Bridge 31 A seventeenth-century carved oak bedhead at Townend 32 A 'candle bark' at Hare Hall, near Broughton-in-Fumess 33-7 Candlesticks and rushlight holders 38 A Wasdale dassroom, c. 1894 39 A rush-bearing procession at Warcop
40 Carrying a 'burden' at the rush- bearing 41 Part of the annual rush-bearing celebrations at Ambleside 42 Members of the Furness Morris Men perform the ancient Pace Egging Play 43 A deer's foot and a horseshoe nailed to the door of a byre, Ask- ham Between pages 80 and 81 44 The late Isaac Cookson of Gill- head, Bampton 45 A nineteenth-century fell farmer 46 Mr A. E. Irving of Bridge End Farm, Boot, after 'laiting' his flock 47 Hand feeding in winter 48 Digging out a ewe from a snow- drift near Windermere 49 The spring-time return to the 'heaf' 50 Sheep at Glencoyne Farm 51 Sheep in All Hallows Lane, Kendal 52 Pages from The Shepherd's Guide, 1817 5 3 A Herdwick with a key-bitted lug mark 54 Mr J. Hudson marking a Rough Fell shearling 5 5 A fine group of rams at Steel End Farm, Wythbum 5 6 Horm branding 57 Dosing a yearling sheep 5 8 Sheep-dipping at Mearness Farm, Cartmel 59 An apprehensive-looking flock waits to be dipped 60 In the nineteenth century it was common to wash sheep before shearing 61 Shearing at Thorn House, Low Hartsop, about 1880 62 Clipping day in Eskdale, c, 1895 63 A Mardale shearing 64 Rolling fleeces 65 Rough Fell sheep with and with- out fleeces 66 After shearing the sheep are 'popped' with 'ruddle' 67 Mr J. Hudson shears by hand 68 Mr William Birkett shearing Herdwicks at Tilberthwaite 69 Mr and Mrs J. Hudson rolling fleeces, 1972 70 An eighteenth-century plough team in Eskdale 71 Horse-ploughing near Lowes- water 72 High-level ploughing 73 Horse-harrowing at Syke Farm, Buttermere 74 Broadcasting seed in the Great Langdale valley 75 Sowing with a 'fiddle', Cartmel 76 Reapers at Raisthwaite, Wood- knd, High Furness, c. 1890 77 Horse-reaping in south-west Cumberland, c. 1920 78 A flail in use in the Lyth Valley 79 A steam threshing machine and farm-hands, c. 1920 80 Haymaking in High Fumess, c. 1890 81 Horse-mowing on the shores of Grasmere 82 Haymaking -with a horse and sled 83 Loading baled hay, Cartmel 84 Leading the hay through the medieval gatehouse, Cartmel 85 Mr Joe Youdell using a reaping hook and 'gebbie' 86 Mr Mitchell of Rawfbld, Dun- nerdale, scythes bracken
87 Peat-cutting at Witherslack 88 Stacking peat in 'winrows' to dry Betveen pages 112 and 113 89 The interior of a wheelwright's workshop, Museum of Lakeland Life and Industry, Kendal 90 Wheel hooping 91 A partly finished wheel made by Mr R. Dewhurst of Hawkshead 92 Wall at the side of the Garbum Road, Troutbeck 93 Where the Brathay Flags outcrop, fences of interlocking flags are found 94 Wall on Low Pike, near Amble- side 95 Eskdale: pink crystalline rock used for wall building 96 Water-worn seashore boulders used for wall building 97 Hexagonal columnar rhyolite provides unusual material to bridge a beck 98 A well-constructed wall in Borrowdale Volcanic rock 99 Wallers repairing a stone wall on the high fells 100 Repairing a dry-stone wall in limestone country 101 A stone mosaic at Wasdale Head 102 One ofthe Troutbeck 'painable' walls 103-5 Some Lakeland hogg-holes 106 A wall head near Coniston 107 An initialed and dated gatepost near Rosthvaite, Borrowdale 108 A 'Cyclopean' wall near Ulpha, Dunnerdale 109 A Wasdale Head wall, many feet thick 110-11 Two Cumbrian blacksmiths Betveen pages 128 and 129 |
List of Plates |
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112 Coppice woodland in the Furness Fells 113 The floor of an abandoned pit- stead in Woundale 114-21 Stages in the making of char- coal, near Hawkshead, c. 1900 122 A group of 'colliers' and their huts, around 1905 123 Charcoal burners at Kirkby Park about1905 124 Bark peeling 125 Finishing bobbins at the Stott Park Bobbin Mill 126 Hoop-making at Hawkshead Field, c. 1910 127 Trimming 'smarts' for hoop- making 128-9 Mr Charlie Airey of Storth splitting oak tímber into' smarts', and shaving smarts with a wo- handled knife 130 A swiller's tools 131 Using a 'set-horse' to make an ash 'bool' 132 Mr Hartley repairing a swill in his workshop at Eskdale Green 133 Mr Myles Newton, swiller, of Lowick Green 134 A Fumess swiller and a partly finished basket 135 The Black Hog of Strickland- gate, Kendal 136-7 A rural woollen industry Betveen pages 144 and 14! 138 The stone-breaker in a Cumber- land quarry, c. 1895 139 Circular saw at work on Lakeland greenslate 140 Sledging slate with a trail barrow, Honister
PLATES 141 Mr Rex Barrow riving a 'clog' of greenslate 142 A river's tools 145 Splitting slabs of greenslate by hand 144 The slate-dressing floor at Til- berthwaite, c. 1880 145 Prize money for fightíng cocks competing at Troutbeck, 1771 146 The cockpit on the green at Stainton-in-Fumess 147 A Penrith cockfight poster, 1787 148 A fíne 'goose bield' overlooking Levers Water 149 West Cumberland foxhounds on the pack-horse bridge, Wasdale Head 150 The hunter—and the hunted 151 John Peel's Day celebrated at the Oddfellovs Arms, Caldbeck 152 Tommy Dobson's gravestone, Eskdale 153 Sheepdog trials at Wasdale Head 154 The start of the hound trail at Rydal 'dog day' Betveen pages 160 and 161 155 A poster for Ulverston Fair, October 1809 156 Kendal Hiring Fair, 1899 157 Bowness musicans about to cele- brate Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee 158 A High Furness sports day, c. 1895 159 Mr T. Thomas 'gurning through abraffin' 160 Skating on Windermere, 1895 161 The senior guides' race at Gras- mere Sports 162 'Tekin' hod' at Grasmere Sports 163 What the best-dressed wrestlers wear 164-9 Handbills from Kendal and Ulverston for visiting theatrical companies 170-1 Two nineteenth-century social gatherings 172-3 Walking geese to market . . . or taking them on horseback 174 Packmen regularly visited Lake- land fartns 175 Horse power at Caldbeck, c. 1900 176 Fruit and vegetable delivery in south-west Cumberland, c. 1920 177 Mr E. Quirk's 1904 Darracq 178 The badly eroded, unsurfaced Garburn Road 179 The Kirkstone Pass Inn, c. 1860 180 A steep sectíon on the 'Butter- mere Round' c. 1890 181 Four-horse charabancs descend- ing Kirkstone Pass, c. 1900 182 The Ullswater coach at Pooley Bridge, c. 1890 183 Coaches at Thirlspot, Thirlmere, c. 1890 184 A light trap, c. 19203 185 A charabanc poster, 1895 186 The Ullswater (Royal Mail) Motor Coach, 1915 187 CrossingthesandsofMorecambe Bay (Turner) 188 Modern cross-bay travellers ford- ing the Leven 189 The first 'Swan' at Waterhead, Windermere, c. 1895 190 The 'Gondola 'at the head of Conis- ton Water 191 The Boot Express 192 The Windermere steam ferry 193 The present Windermere ferry
Drawings 1 Tarn Hows Farm House; sec- tion and plan, 20 2 Far Orrest, Windermere; ele- vadon and plan, 21 3 The Statesman plan, 23 4 Glencoyne Farm; elevation and plan, 26 5 Derwent Farm, Grange-in- Borrowdale; elevation and plan, 28 6 Old Farm, High Yewdale; plan and elevation, 29 7 Corn-drying kiln, Lo-w Hart- sop A Lakeland bank barn, 32 8 The kitchen hearth, 37 9 A bakstone in a farm at Ayside, 39 10 Carved chair from Townend, Troutbeck, 41 11 Household illuminatíon, 43 12 Panel on a kist atTownend,45 . 13 Dairy equipment, 47 , 14 Handbill of Mr Davis, optician, 69 15 Handbill of Mr Summers, dentist, 70 . 16 Handbill of Mr Ross, mid- wife, 71 , 17 Handbill of Mr Chamock, surgeon, 72 , 18 Some veterinary implements, , 19 Lakeland lug marks, 85 , 20 Sheep-stealing handbill, 86 21 Mountain sheep, 90 22 Sheep band used for tether- ing,92 23 A bracken sled A Cumbrian farm cart, 96 24 Spades and push-ploughs, 98 25 Ploughs, scythes and sickles, 100 26 Threshing machine handbill, 102 27 Part of the Troutbeck Pain- able Fence Book, 112 28 Stages in the construction of a dry-stone wall A rabbit 'smoot', 114 29 Part of a wage receipt 1841 30 Announcement of sale of coppice wood, 119 31 Account for woodland indus- tries, 1770, 122 32 Woodland industries, 124 33 Handbill adverdsing blue slate, 1773, 132 34 Stainton cockpit, plan and sectíon Steel cockspurs, 144 35 Cross section of a goose bield' Fox screws from Great Lang- dale, 150 36 A carrier's handbill, 1811, 168 37 Cross-sands coachposter, 169 38 Handbill for Askew's Keswick-Borrowdale coach, 1909, 172 39 Pack-horse bell from Kendal,
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